Comparative Analysis Essay on Two Articles

Comparative Analysis Essay on Two Articles Introduction Here the selected two articles are Article 1: Basics about Employee Motivation written by Carter McNamara, Article2: Employee Motivation by Dr. Robert E. Wubbolding. As the assignment is to do a comparative analysis between two articles on a related topic, the selection was done on topic of employee motivation which is an essential topic in effective business administration. In the first article it is basically focuses on the new managers and supervisors. First it describes how to clear up the myths of employee motivation. Then it describes basic principles in employee motivation. Subsequently it provides the details of step you can take for employee motivation. The second article is starts with a serious problem in human resource management and then starts the discussion about the Ideas of the management that need to absolutely give up by the management. Then it opens up for a discussion of why employees succeed or fail and what we can do. Accordingly there are no clear cut similarities that we can find it these two articles. But after the reading and the understanding it will open-up for broader understanding of the area of employee motivation. Comparative Analysis As above said Article 1: Basics about Employee Motivation introduces the myths to clear up in the employee motivation. Those are as follows: I can motivate people- Not really they have to motivate themselves Money is a good motivator understand the motivation factor of each of employees Fear is a damn good motivator Fear is a great motivator for a very short time I know what motivates me, so I know what motivates my employees- Not really different people are motivated by different things. Increased job satisfaction means increased job performance- Increased job satisfaction does not necessarily mean increased job performance I cant comprehend employee motivation its a science -Supporting your employees to motivate themselves toward increased performance in their jobs.ÂÂ   Article 2: Employee Motivation also introduces the ideas which have to be given up by the management. Those are somewhat new when compare with the myths of article one. The following four ideas are ineffective and actually constitute barriers to increased quality. As a manager, I can force employees to do what I want them to do Increasing the compensation package is sufficient to keep people happy It is not necessary to reward people for doing what they are supposed to do. People are good, honest, and will always perform to the best of their ability In article one introduces specific steps that can help to go a long way toward supporting the employees to motivate them in an organization. 1.ÂÂ  Do more than read this article apply what youre reading here 2.ÂÂ  Briefly write down the motivational factors that sustain you and what you can do to sustain them 3.ÂÂ  Make of list of three to five things that motivate each of your employees 4.ÂÂ  Work with each employee to ensure their motivational factors are taken into consideration in your reward systems 5.ÂÂ  Have one-on-one meetings with each employeeÂÂ   6.ÂÂ  Cultivate strong skills in delegation 7.ÂÂ  Reward it when youÂÂ  seeÂÂ  it 8.ÂÂ  Reward it soon after you see it 9.ÂÂ  Implement at least the basic principles of performance management 10.ÂÂ  Establish goals that are SMARTER 11.ÂÂ  Clearly convey how employee results contribute to organizational results 12.ÂÂ  Celebrate achievements 13.ÂÂ  Let employees hear from their customers (internal or external) 14.ÂÂ  Admit to yourself (and to an appropriate someone else) if you dont like an employee In article two introduces this area as What you can do and it says like this, Write a description of the behaviour of two employees with whom you need help. Be specific about their negative behaviours. After you read Employee Motivation, return to these two employees, using your new skills. You will be surprised at your success in helping employees learn to modify their behaviours in positive ways-ways that will help their productivity and make them happier-a win-win for everyone! But in article one Basics about Employee Motivation introduces five basic principles in the employee motivation. Motivating employees starts with motivating yourself its amazing how, if you hate your job, it seems like everyone else does, too. If you are very stressed out, it seems like everyone else is, too. Enthusiasm is contagious. If youre enthusiastic about your job, its much easier for others to be, too. Also, if youre doing a good job of taking care of yourself and your own job, youll have much clearer perspective on how others are doing in theirs. Always work to align goals of the organization with goals of employees as mentioned above, employees can be all fired up about their work and be working very hard. However, if the results of their work dont contribute to the goals of the organization, then the organization is not any better off than if the employees were sitting on their hands maybe worse off! Therefore, its critical that managers and supervisors know what they want from their employees. Key to supporting the motivation of your employees is understanding what motivates each of them Each person is motivated by different things. Whatever steps you take to support the motivation of your employees, they should first include finding out what it is that really motivates each of your employees. You can find this out by asking them, listening to them and observing them. (More about this later on below.) Recognize that supporting employee motivation is a process, not a task Organizations change all the time, as do people. Indeed, it is an ongoing process to sustain an environment where each employee can strongly motivate themselves. If you look at sustaining employee motivation as an ongoing process, then youll be much more fulfilled and motivated yourself. Support employee motivation by using organizational systems (for example, policies and procedures) dont just count on good intentions Dont just count on cultivating strong interpersonal relationships with employees to help motivate them. The nature of these relationships can change greatly, for example, during times of stress. Instead, use reliable and comprehensive systems in the workplace to help motivate employees. For example, establish compensation systems, employee performance systems, organizational policies and procedures, etc., In article two also describes this in a different manner. It always focuses to speak to the heart of the reader as considering him or her as a manger rather than introducing concepts and approaches in employee motivation. It is as follows with some key areas that author needs to emphasize. That society believes this is illustrated by the actions of our institutions. Authorities believe that stiffer penalties will, of themselves, cure the drug problem; that more effective punishments will control student behaviour. And the world of employment, in which most people spend a high percentage of their time, has surpassed other institutions in affirming this fallacious theory-that people can be effectively controlled from above. The fact is that employees can be helped to become more productive, to show initiative, and to do quality work. But the use of force alone brings only temporary compliance. If you are willing to make a commitment to change, you can learn how to coach employees in an effective manner. You can learn effective ways to talk with employees who are apathetic, resistant, or who suffer from other negative traits or attitudes. If you have ever found yourself without words to respond to an employee, or getting defensive, or giving in to the urge to verbally attack an employee, you will benefit from implementing the ideas contained in this book. These skills can help you feel more comfortable about your job. You might even look forward to Monday mornings! Positive results depend on one condition-you must learn the technique and then put it into practice. Article always try to build a conversation with the reader. It introduces the employees behaviours where the need of the employee motivation will arise as follows. Do you have employees who Are consistently late to work? Perform below their potential? Lack initiative? Fail to follow through? Seem to be moody? Perform poor quality work? Conclusion Article 1 first start up with what a manager should give up if he wants to motivate the employees. After that author wants to clear the myths of motivation and then gradually input the fresh ideas of motivation. Article 2, Employee Motivation, is a tool book that addresses the concerns of anyone who ever wanted to Motivate anyone!. It first asks serious of question which readers mind will open to a new area. Then introduces basic principles in employee motivation and then things can do when implementing those principles. So more or less both the articles try to open the readers mind by thinking that the reader will implement what the authors have mentioned.

Upper canopy tree cover in cocoa agroforestry system

Climate Change is one aspect or explanation of how the livelihood of farmers can be threatened. (Cocklebur, 2012) In Ghana, the climate has changed over the last years of which crops are getting destroyed due to periods of extreme heat and heavy rains. As Mambo and colleagues outline in their paper, climate change mitigation in Africa to date has largely focused on reforestation and forest protection. This has often conflicted with the need to expand agricultural production to feed the continent's growing population.But this need not be the case, says Mambo, as exaggerators may be able to deliver both on increasing tree cover to store carbon while also enhancing agricultural productivity. Cocoa cultivation maintains a higher proportions of upper canopy crown cover (cocoa exaggerators) which is increasingly being viewed as a sustainable land use practice that is environmentally preferable to other forms of agricultural activities in tropical forest regions because it contributes to bi odiversity conservation and income diversification.Properly managed cocoa exaggerators systems play a crucial role in helping farmers adapt and build resilience to uncertain climates. (Langford, 2014). Upper canopy trees can provide a buffer against climatic extremes that impact crop growth. They can enhance understood growth and improve water use efficiency. These trees have also been shown to increase rainfall utilization compared to annual cropping systems. And are known to have a direct impact on local and regional rainfall patterns, so they also have considerable potential to alleviate drought in parts of Africa. Mambo et. Al, 2014). The use of production landscapes in Ghana for cocoa reduction has intensified dramatically over the last three decades. (UNDO, 2014). This research will examine the evolution of the cocoa sector in Ghana primarily to understand the factors that have contributed to the success of the use of upper canopy crown cover and to look for lessons for foster ing agricultural transformation. The relatively dense forest that characterized the initial cultivation of cocoa in Ghana maintained the natural ecosystem suitable for cocoa growth.The District Administrative capital Jabots is located km to the north-west of Seconds Dictator Metropolitan, the regional capital and a distance of km from Kumara, the Shanty regional capital. The District shares borders with Bib and Sauna's North Municipal in the North, Sauna's South and Body District to the east, Seaman District to the south and La Cote divorce to the west. 1. . 2 Materials Materials needed for this study will include the following; Measuring tape; for measuring the length of trees, branches and crowns.Densitometers; for measuring of the diameters of trees and branches. Hypocrites for measuring tree height Releasers ; to determine the upper diameter of big trees Calipers, either wooden beam or finish parabolic will be used to measure tree diameters when the diameters are not over CACM. Compass; to check directions of NSA and EWE. Sampling intensity This study will be conducted in 12 cocoa farms in the vicinity of Bib district. These farms will be selected purposely base on the maturity of the cocoa exaggerators system practiced.The spread of that line is horizontal distance between those two positions. On steeply sloping ground (>1 5 degrees) the taped distance between the two points can be corrected to a true horizontal by using basic trigonometry. Horizontal distance = coos (inclination) x slope distance. The area of the crown may be estimated employing the assumption that is equivalent to the area off circle defined by an average crown diameter. The linear ape will be used to measure the length of crown margin in the direction of NSA, and EWE.The average may be obtained using arithmetic mean of the maximum and minimum crown diameter. These equations will be used in determining the crown surface area and volume; Crown surface area; L/2 Crown volume; 2 hoc / 12 W here d = diameter at the base of the crown (m), hoc = crown depth (m), and L= length of crown margin (m). DATA ANALYSIS Data acquired from the sampling intensity will be analyzed using analytical software, GENERATE (VS. international version 2011). Species composition and crown diameters f trees will be compared using the analysis of variance and statistical test.

Essay on The Costs of Cigarette Smoking. - 888 Words

The Costs of Cigarette Smoking Cigarette smoking causes a variety of life threatening diseases, including lung cancer, emphysema, and heart disease. In the UK about 120,000 people die each year due to smoking. A half of all smokers die from smoking related diseases.0 There are many ingredients in tobacco smoke which are harmful to our health in different ways.1 Some of the ingredients are tar, carbon monoxide, nicotine and other chemicals and additives such as ammonia, arsenic (a poison used in insecticides and weed killers), benzene, hydrogen cyanide and many other.2 Tar deposits on the lungs can cause lung diseases. Carbon monoxide and other chemicals reduces the oxygen carrying†¦show more content†¦10 Emphysema is an irreversible lung disease associated with chronic bronchitis and excessive coughing.11 In emphysema, the air sacs in the lungs are enlarged and damaged.12 This reduces the surface area of the lung available for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Severe emphysema causes breathlessness which is made worse by infections. It is estimated that smoking is associated with 75% of deaths from emphysema.13 The chemicals in tobacco can damage the lining of the blood vessels.14 This helps in the build up of fatty material along the inner lining o the arteries, this is known as Atheroma (sometimes called hardening or furring of the arteries).15 Atheroma is the main cause of heart disease, it is also a cause stroke due to damage to the brain arteries.16 Atheroma in the blood vessels of the penis causes impotence in man.17 Smoking also increases the blood pressure and it decreases the amount of oxygen carried by the red blood cells.18 Carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke combines with the haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin which is a non reversible reaction and this reduces they oxygen carrying capacity of the red blood cells. 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Immiscible Definition and Examples (Chemistry)

The terms miscible and immiscible are used in chemistry to describe mixtures. Immiscible Definition Immiscibility is the property where two substances are not capable of combining to form a homogeneous mixture. The components are said to be immiscible. In contrast, fluids that do mix together are called miscible. Components of an immiscible mixture will separate from each other. The less-dense fluid will rise to the top; the more-dense component will sink. Immiscible Examples Oil and water are immiscible liquids. In contrast, alcohol and water are completely miscible. In any proportion, alcohol and water will mix to form a homogeneous solution.